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Gloriosa superba
''Gloriosa superba'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Colchicaceae. English language common names include flame lily, climbing lily, creeping lily, glory lily,〔(''Gloriosa superba''. ) Germplasm Resources Information Network.〕 gloriosa lily, tiger claw,〔Scheper, J. (''Gloriosa superba''. ) Floridata.com.〕 and fire lily.〔(''Gloriosa superba''. ) Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER).〕 Names in other languages include ''kalihari'' (Hindi),〔Oudhia, P. (2002). (''Gloriosa superba''. ) New Crop Resource Online Program. Center for New Crops & Plant Products. Purdue University.〕 ''Agni shikha or Potti Naabhi'' (Telugu), ''Kaanthal'' (Tamil), ''ulotchondal'' (Bengali), ''lis de Malabar'' (French), ''aranha de emposse'' (Portuguese), ''bandera española (flag )'' (Spanish), ''mkalamu'' (Swahili),〔Dounias, E. (''Gloriosa superba'' L. ) Protabase Record Display. Plant Resources of Tropical Africa (PROTA).〕 ''klänglilja'' (Swedish),〔 ''riri'' (Māori), and ''jia lan'' (Chinese).〔 It is native to much of Africa and Asia, but it is known worldwide as an ornamental plant, a medicine, a poison, and a noxious weed.〔
==Biology==
This species is a perennial herb growing from a fleshy rhizome.〔(''Gloriosa superba''. ) Flora of China.〕 It is scandent, climbing using tendrils, the stem reaching 4 meters long.〔(''Gloriosa superba''. ) World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. 2011. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〕 The leaves are mainly alternately arranged, but they may be opposite, as well. They are somewhat lance-shaped and tipped with tendrils, and they are up 13〔 to 20 centimeters long.〔Thorp, J. R. and M. Wilson. (1998 onwards). (''Gloriosa superba''. ) Weeds Australia. The National Weeds Strategy.〕 The showy flower has six tepals each up to 5〔 to 7.6〔 centimeters long. They are generally bright red〔 to orange〔 at maturity, sometimes with yellowish bases. The margins may be quite wavy. The six stamens also are long, up to 4 centimeters, and each bears a large anther at the tip that drops large amounts of yellow pollen. The style may be more than 6 centimeters long. One flower may weigh over 2.5 grams.〔Selvarasu, A. and R. Kandhasamy. (2012). (Reproductive biology of ''Gloriosa superba''. ) ''Open Access Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants'' 3(2) 5-11.〕 The fruit is a fleshy capsule up to 6〔 to 12 centimeters long〔Fernando, R. and D. Widyaratna. (1989). (''Gloriosa superba''. ) INCHEM. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS).〕 containing red seeds.〔〔 Cultivars of this popular garden plant may vary from these wild-type characteristics; the cultivar 'Lutea' has all-yellow tepals, 'Citrina' is yellow with red markings, and 'Nana' is a dwarf.〔 Whitish forms are known, as well.〔
The plant likely is pollinated by butterflies and sunbirds.〔 It grows in many types of habitat, including tropical jungles,〔 forests, thickets,〔 woodlands, grasslands, and sand dunes.〔 It can grow in nutrient-poor soils.〔Lal, H. S. and P. K. Mishra. (2011). (''Gloriosa superba'' - an endangered plant spotted for the first time from forest of Tpchanchi, Hazaribag (Jharkhand) India. ) ''Science Research Reporter'' 1(2) 61-64.〕 It can be found at as high as 2500 meters in elevation.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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